A For winter operation of hand  tractors, prioritize preheating, fuel, and lubrication management. The key is to raise engine temperature through preheating and ensure all systems function properly in low temperatures. Here are the specific steps and precautions: Preheat the engine until the block temperature exceeds 40°C. Never add cold water or boiling water directly, as this may cause sudden cooling and engine block cracking.‌‌
 
Preheating oil:
drain the oil from the oil pan, heat it in water, then refill, or use an electric flame preheater. Before starting, rotate the crankshaft 10-12 times under reduced pressure to ensure full lubrication of components.‌‌
The auxiliary insulation measures are: the engine can be equipped with insulation curtain, insulation sleeve, or heat loss can be reduced by the front windshield of radiator.
Fuel and lubrication management
Select appropriate diesel fuel:
The freezing point of the diesel should be 5℃-10℃ lower than the local minimum temperature. For example, when the temperature is-10℃, use-20 grade diesel to prevent fuel waxing and clogging the fuel lines.
Winter oil change:
Use low-temperature, high-flow oil (e.g., 10W-30 or No.8 diesel oil) and ensure the gearbox and rear axle gear oils are replaced with winter-grade options (e.g., No.11 diesel oil or No.20 gear oil).
Oil drain for frost prevention: regularly drain water from the fuel tank base to prevent freezing when diesel is mixed in.‌‌
 Correct startup method:
The battery should maintain sufficient charge, with the electrolyte density adjusted to 1.28-1.31.
If the engine is difficult to start, a small amount of low-temperature starting fluid can be injected into the air filter, and the amount should be strictly controlled.
Do not start the vehicle by using open flame or rolling down a slope.‌‌
Post-start operation protocol:
The machine should first run at a moderate speed (1000-1200 rpm) for warm-up. Start the engine only when the water temperature exceeds 40°C, and only commence full-load operation after reaching 60°C.
Avoid idling for long periods and increase the engine speed to improve oil circulation.